Chapter 9: Texture
1. Describe three ways to define a
pattern in art or theory?
-
repetition
of a design or shape
-
a
dynamic way of capturing visual interest
-
order
and variety of shapes, colors, and values
2. How can a grid help to define a
pattern?
-
Many
patterns can be reduced to a grid resulting in “crystallographic balance or
order.” Elaborate patterns might be set on a grid so complexity in symmetry,
repetition and rotation can occur successfully.
3. Describe the similarities and
differences in pattern and texture?
-
Pattern
is defined as repetition of a design with the same thing occurring and
reoccurring over and over again. Texture often repeats as well. However, its
repetition does not have the regularity of appearing and reappearing as pattern
does.
4. How can texture be used to create
visual interest?
-
Texture
appeals to us when we touch it. Even if we don’t touch the object, our memory
provides a sensation of touch. Variations of dark and light patterns of
textures give us clues so that we can either enjoy or not enjoy the textures
vicariously.
5. What is the difference between actual
and implied texture?
-
Actual
texture is texture that you can actually feel. Implied texture is totally flat,
but the line or strokes of the image make it look like there is texture there.
6. How do you define collage? Give an
example.
-
A
collage is gluing or pasting bits and pieces of different materials together. For example, you could use greyscale from
white to black in magazine clippings like we did in class to make collages in
class.
7. What is tromp L’oile? (French term:
fool the eye)
-
It
is the ultimate point in creating visual texture. It is commonly defined as
“deceptive painting.” Objects which are in sharp, clear focus, are
characterized and described very accurately. The artist will copy exact visual
color and value pattern of a surface.
Chapter 12: Value
1. Define Value and value scale.
-
Value
is the art and design term from going from light to dark. Value scale is only
shown in 7 steps from black to white even though there are unlimited steps
between black and white.
2. What is achromatic gray?
-
Achromatic
gray is a scale of seven values of gray. They are mixtures of only black and
white.
3. What is Value contrast?
-
Value
contrast is the relationship between the areas of light and the areas of dark.
4. How do you create balance in a
composition with value?
-
You
must arrange the values and use variation in lights to darks, independent of
the colors that are used. You want to be balanced in the distribution of values
in between black and white. Contrast is a contributing factor.
5. How do you create emphasis with
value, given an example?
-
You
can create emphasis by using a “starting point.” A “thematically” crucial
character or element can be emphasized by value contrast. Extreme dark and
light contrast can also create emphasis.
6. What is chiaroscuro? What period in
art history was the word originally used?
-
Chiaroscuro
is the illusion of having a three-dimensional quality to shape. It is using
light to dark to imply depth and volume in a drawing or a painting. This word
was used in the Renaissance.
7. What is aerial or atmospheric
perspective?
-
It
is when objects far away become less visually distinct and absorb into the
atmosphere as the distance is increased.